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3 B S c i e n t i f i c ® B i o l o g y
Sof tware
Reproduction and Sex Instruction
Reproduction serves for the preservation of the species. The number of germ cells must balance loss-
es caused by environmental factors (predators, climate, catastrophes), so that the number of repro-
ductive individuals remains constant within certain parameters. The CD provides a vivid introduction
into the biology of reproduction from unicellular organisms through to mammals, providing detailed
representations of human reproduction and furnishing other teaching material for sexual instruction.
Sexual and asexual reproduction. Fertilization of the ovum and fusion of both haploid nuclei. The dif-
ferent types of egg cells and the corresponding types of cleavage. Gastrulation, neurulation, formation
of germ layers. Examples of organ development. Structure and function of male and female sexual
organs. Testis, epididymis, spermatogenesis, spermatozoa. Structure of the uterus wall. Menstruation
cycle and fertilization. Changes in uterine lining (endometrium). Ovulation, admission of the ovum
into the fallopian tube, fertilization, development in the fallopian tube and embedding in the en
dometrium. Growth of the foetus in the uterus. Embryonic and maternal circulation. Foetus in the
uterus, placenta, umbilical cord, amnion. Developed foetus in the womb. Start of the birth process,
entrance of the amniotic sac into the birthing canal and birth are described.
9982-1004279
Nervous System and Transmission of Information, Part I
Introductory CD for the nervous system. View of the entire human nervous system. Occurrence of
the typical nerve cells in the human nervous system. Fine structure of a neuron, composition of the
nerve, motor end plates, glial cells, nerve cells and nerve tissue. Neuron, ganglion, centres, reflex
arcs, automatism. Embryonic development of the human nervous system. Neural plate, neural
groove, formation and closure of the neural tube. Description of the development of different nerv-
ous systems of invertebrates and vertebrates facilitates understanding of the human nervous system.
Formation of the neopallium from concentric growth rings. Phylogenetic tree of mammalian brain
convolutions. Connection between brain sensory and motor nerves and various body areas. Develop-
ment of the thalamus into a relay station. Progressive concentration and differentiation in the brain,
component parts and their relation to each other. Increase in organizational complexity.
9982-1004280
Nervous System and Transmission of Information, Part II
The human central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system. Spinal cord: structure and function.
Function of grey and white matter. Diagram of reflex connections. Examination of human reflexes
and of diseases affecting the nervous system: polio, syphilis, sclerosis, paraplegia. Embryonic devel
opment and hierarchical structure of the brain. Structure and function of brain stem, cerebrum and
cerebellum. Course of typical sensory and motor tracts. Perception, conduction and transmission of
information. Conscious and unconscious movement controls. The brain is simultaneously connecting
and controlling organ: for that reason, information perception, conduction and transmission are
treated in a special section: resting potential at the axon sheath and its change. Transmission of infor-
mation over the synaptic gap. Types of synapse. Stimulus propagation along the axon. The brain’s
blood supply: as the controlling organ of our body is the brain the biggest consumer of energy. The
blood-brain barrier. Brain stem, hindbrain and cerebellum. Brain lesions (diving accident, stroke). The
autonomic nervous system, antagonistic effect between the sympathetic and parasympathetic part.
Regulation of body temperature. Control of the emptying of the urinary bladder, transmitter and in-
hibiting substances at synapses and motor end plates.
9982-1004281
Heredity and Genetics of Man, Part I
The basis of both CD’s in this series is the range of newest findings in the field of human genetics. As
an introduction, the basic knowledge on formal genetics is first imparted, illustrated and explained
using many examples from medical genetics. Detailed description of hereditary transmission: Autoso-
mal dominant inheritance, autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, X-chromosomal inheritance,
multifactorial and mitochondrial inheritance. Part 2 shows the different types of human tissue cul-
tures, sex chromatin in both normal and pathological numbers of gonosomes through the analysis of
Barr bodies, drumsticks and F-bodies. Analysis of metaphase chromosomes by various banding tech-
niques. Chromosomal aberrations and their phenotypic consequences. Secondary chromosomal aber-
rations following exposure to clastogens and repair defects. Examples from tumour cytogenetics.
9982-1004283
